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In recent years, walnut grafting techniques have become a key method for cultivating high-quality walnut varieties. Among these, the "indoor healing and planting colonization" approach has gained widespread acceptance. However, this method still faces challenges such as a high healing rate (around 95%) but a relatively low survival rate (approximately 65%) during nursery transplantation. To address this issue, the double-leaf grafting technique has been introduced, significantly improving the survival rate by over 15%.
The process begins with selecting suitable rootstocks. Choose 1- to 2-year-old walnut seedlings that are healthy, vigorous, and free from pests or damage. The roots should be intact, and the stem diameter should be between 0.8 and 1.5 cm.
Next, select appropriate scions. These should come from mature, disease-free branches of early-maturing walnut varieties. The scions should be well-lignified, with a thickness ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 cm.
For equipment, you'll need items such as the WMZK-10 temperature controller, electric heating lines, fresh sawdust, corn silk cloth, agricultural film, thermometers, pruning shears, flat blades (specifically designed), bud grafting knives, baskets, and plastic ropes. The quantity required depends on the scale of your grafting operation.
The grafting process involves several steps. First, cut the rootstock about 2–3 cm above the root collar, removing long main and lateral roots. Bundle them in groups of twenty, ensuring the lower ends are aligned. For the scions, cut each to a length of 10–12 cm, including 2–3 buds. The pith should not exceed one-third of the scion's diameter. Make a 1 cm cut above the bud, and bundle 50 scions together.
Soak both the rootstock and scion in a specially developed plant growth regulator solution (from Yangtze University) for two hours. Then, apply a thin layer of water film to the cutting edge of the scion. Cut both the rootstock and scion using a flat blade to create a smooth surface of 4–6 cm. Make a slit on the upper part of the rootstock, about 1/3 of its width and 1–2 cm deep.
After aligning the scion and rootstock, secure the graft with corn silk cloth and tie it with five plastic ropes. Seal the exposed part of the scion with liquid paraffin.
For healing, set up a hotbed in a 15-square-meter room. Place electric heating lines 8–10 cm apart and fill with moist sawdust (55–60% moisture). Position the grafts near the heating lines, place a thermometer on the bed, and maintain a temperature of 30°C for 11–15 days. Monitor the temperature and humidity regularly, and mist the sawdust with warm water (35–40°C) when it turns white.
Once healed, transplant the grafted plants into a warm, moist environment. Maintain a temperature above 8°C and humidity above 80%. In spring, prepare a nursery bed 1.2 meters wide. Plant the grafted seedlings at a spacing of 20 cm (50–70 cm apart), with about 5,550 plants per mu. Ensure the graft is buried just below the soil surface.
Cover the bed with double-layered mulch film, leaving the graft area exposed. This helps retain moisture and protect the young plants.
After the plants survive, manage them carefully. Remove any shoots growing from the rootstock. When the surviving shoots reach 5–10 cm, prune back the weaker ones and keep the strongest one as the main trunk. Once the trunk grows beyond 10 cm, insert a bamboo or wooden stake and tie the trunk to it with a plastic strip. This helps the tree grow straight and prevents wind damage.
Other management tasks include regular weeding, soil loosening, fertilizing, irrigation, and pest control. Proper care ensures higher seedling survival and better quality.