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First, the pathogenic disease 1, horseshoe stalk blight: The disease commonly known as "horseshoes", widely distributed in the horseshoe production areas, plant disease after the underground stem does not scab or knot knots. The primary lesions were dark green water-stained, irregular or near-circular, slightly concave, and later the lesions were dark green to gray-brown, fusiform or elliptical, with dark brown dots. After the small lesion expands and synthesizes an irregular large lesion, it can cause the stem to wither and fall down, showing a pale yellow straw shape. When the dew had not dried or the humidity was high in the morning, a large amount of mild gray mold layer was seen on the lesion surface. Pathogenic conidia can be re-infested. The disease usually begins in mid-August and the onset peaks in the middle or late September. Large humidity in the field is beneficial to the disease. 2. Horseshoe Wilt: This disease is one of the major diseases of horseshoe. It can be affected during the whole growing season, especially from mid-September to October. The symptoms are blue and dry type. (1) The green-dry type shows the water loss from the stem or side of the stalk is bluish, and extends downwards. Finally, the whole culm is withered, especially when the rain is fine, the symptoms are most obvious in the field. Diseased plants generally do not produce scars or knots and are more harmful. (2) The dead spot type is usually later than the onset of bacterial wilt, generally after the end of September. Symptoms: The upper part of the horseshoe culms shows grayish-white patches. The disease and health boundaries are very obvious, slightly concave, and lesions can be connected with each other to form large spots. Strain development is generally more normal and less harmful. 3, horseshoe stalk rot: The disease is generally prosperous in September, the appearance of the symptoms of phyllocytosis is yellow to brown, disease stem is short and thin, the majority of the diseased parts in the lower part of the stalk, the beginning of the disease Dark gray, followed by dark irregular lesions, disease and health boundaries are not obvious, and the diseased tissue becomes soft and easy to break, when the humidity is high, the disease can produce dark sparse mold layer. 2. Physiological diseases usually manifest as physiological red tails, the symptoms of which are mainly red seedlings or dryness on the stem of a small section on the top. The disease mostly occurred in early August-September. The reason was that the soil that was planted with horseshoe for many years lacked trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, and manganese. Third, the identification of pests White locust (also known as white pheasant): is the main pest harm horseshoe, larvae gnaw the base of the stalk, the initial period of the victim, the top of the horseshoe stems from green to yellow, can be found on the stem wormhole, cutaway There are insect worms, insect feces, and gray-white larvae in the open stem. If the larvae that invaded the stalk are numerous or have a large worm age, the stalk will die from top to bottom yellowing within a few days and be orange-yellow, but it will not be as diseased or blue-green as the disease. After the stem turns yellow and dead, the larvae transfer hazards. IV. Comprehensive Prevention and Control 1. Prevention and control of pathogenic diseases: (1) Prevention is the mainstay. Each acre with fine sulfur powder 4-5 kilograms + 50% carbendazim 0.5 kilograms +75% Dukesson WP 0.5 kilograms, respectively, combined with fertilization or 15-20 kilograms of fine soil or fine sand alone, in the In the middle of August and in mid-September, each application will have a good effect on preventing the occurrence of the above-mentioned three pathogens. (2) Planting plots should take rotation. The plots should be small, and the large plots should be divided into appropriate small pieces, separate irrigation, eliminate string irrigation and flood irrigation to prevent bacteria from spreading with running water. (3) Proper spraying and prevention. During the growth period at any time to check, found that the diseased plants in a timely manner. Shoot blight or wilt disease can be used 50% carbendazim 600 times + 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times + 1 million units of veterinary use streptomycin sulfate 12500 times or 12.5% ​​of the enemy Kang Kang 2000 times spray; Stalk rot can be sprayed with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene 500-600 times solution. Spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 3-4 times, but also depending on the severity of the increase or decrease the number of applications. 2. Prevention and cure of physiological diseases: Apply 2 kg of borax, 2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre, and apply 100 grams of 10 element boron fertilizer on the foliar + 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 grams of water to 50-60 kg of spray spear leaves. Spray once every 5-7 days, even spray 2-3 times. 3. Prevention and control of common pests: White plover is mainly responsible for the harm of horseshoe to the third and fourth generation larvae. The occurrence period is from early August to late September. The generation overlaps severely and it is difficult to control by spraying. Can work. Specific measures: Imported carbofuran 3-4 kg per mu, or Milor 1.5-2 kg or 20% methylisothiphos EC 0.4 kg, 20% triazophos EC 0.4 kg and fine mud or fine Sand 15-20 kg mixed with poisonous soil. At the same time, in the third or fourth generation of the whitefish hatching peak 1-2 days, with 18% insecticide double water 300-400 times liquid +90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times or 20% triazophos EC 500-600 Dilution +20% methylisoprophos pump oil 500-600 times spray control.