The traditional application of Cordyceps has a lot of incisive discussion about Cordyceps in the ancient Chinese medicine collection. One of the earliest words was found in Wang Wen's "Compendium of Herbal Medicine" (1694) in the Qing Dynasty: "Cordyceps sinensis, Ganping, Baofei Yishen, Hemostasis and phlegm, and cough for cessation of labor. Jiading County, Sichuan Province is the best. Winter is in the soil. Shaped like an old silkworm, with hairy energy, it is unearthed in the summer and it is even formed into grass. If it is not taken, it will turn into insects in winter." Here, the ancient people did not understand the ecological habits of Cordyceps, describing some deviations, but the discussion of Cordyceps efficacy is credible. Later, Cordyceps sinensis was documented in hundreds of ancient medicine books such as Herba Essentials Collection, Herbal Rejuvenation, Herbal Sacrifice, Textual Research, Sichuan Tongzhi, and Sketch Sketch. "Ben Cao from the new" called its "protect the lungs and kidney, make up the essence, bleeding, phlegm, have been labor?" "Medicine test" said that its "sweet and warm, secret Jing Qi, special fill the door." "Materia Medica justice" also Call it the cure for delirium, bloating, and weariness, and the “Chinese Medicine Chronicles†pointed out that it “consumes blood and coughs up blood, impotence has no spermatorrhea, and has pain in the waist and knees.†There is another such record in the “Wenfang Shukaoâ€: In ancient times, there was a man named Kong Yutang. His brother suffered from weakness and sweated a lot. However, he was afraid of the cold wind. Even in the hot summer, the door was closed and he was still in the account, still afraid of the wind and cold. Feeling sick for three years, the medicine was ineffective, and the condition became worse and worse.A relative later came from Sichuan and sent him three pounds of Cordyceps. He stewed daily with Cordyceps and meat, and he got better every day and he completely recovered soon. After encountering such illnesses in the future, using this dietary therapy method worked well.From this passage we can see that Cordyceps was first widely spread because of its magical tonic effect. Moreover, from these records we can The analysis of Cordyceps was mainly used in three aspects in ancient times: First, Treatment of various kinds of wasting, especially kidney deficiency, secondly, hemostasis and phlegm, which is a variety of chronic diseases associated with lungs and bronchus, thirdly, treatment of chronic cough, asthma, etc. Pharmacological effects of Cordyceps on the pharmacological effects of Cordyceps The following points can be summarized as follows: 1. Effects on the immune and hematopoietic system Cordyceps and cordyceps polysaccharides contained in Cordyceps both promote or bidirectionally regulate the immune system, and their effects are mainly reflected in the activation of immune cells and the enhancement of immune cells. Phagocytosis, we know that there are many bacteria and viruses in the air and our daily contact, but we do not often get sick because we have a lot of immune cells in our body to invade the body of bacteria and viruses? ;eaten. But our immune cells are not always so effective. It is also "tired" when we are tired, for example when we are sick and we feel tired all day long. In addition, certain elderly people and special groups, such as those who regularly take certain medicines, those who are often overworked, people with more nightlife, AIDS patients and drug users. The immune function of these people is much lower than normal. At this time, the activity of the immune cells is not enough, it is difficult to completely remove the invading bacteria and viruses, and the human body becomes susceptible to illness. Cordyceps can help our immune cells rejuvenate and kill all pathogenic viruses that invade the body. The main effect of Cordyceps on human hematopoietic system is because Cordyceps polysaccharide can improve the hematopoietic function of bone marrow cells, promote erythropoiesis, and at the same time fight leukemia and neutropenia. This has a positive effect on some people with leukemia or those who are undergoing chemotherapy. 2. Effect on the lungs and respiratory system Cordycepic acid protects the lungs and kidneys, stops bleeding, clears phlegm, significantly enhances bronchial cilia activity, regulates bronchial smooth muscle, and cordycepin strongly inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria that can cause lung infections. Kill effect. And cordycepic acid and Cordyceps polysaccharides can repair damaged alveolar cells. Therefore, it has a good effect on various types of lung diseases and bronchial asthma. Especially for the middle-aged and smoking caused by chronic bronchitis, asthma is particularly significant. In modern society, due to the development of medicine, various types of pulmonary inflammation and tuberculosis have been rare, but at the same time, the symptoms of lung yin deficiency caused by busy work and increased pressure have gradually increased. In addition, due to changes in people’s lifestyles, the number of people who smoke, drink, and stay up late increases, causing lung function to shrink, and increased cough, bronchial diseases, and asthma. Among them, business people and mental workers in particular should pay attention to the protection of the lungs. 3. The role of the heart and brain system. We know that people who have little activity usually have a tendency to be tired and easily injured. This is usually caused by two reasons: The first is that people with little activity often have little expansion of capillaries, slow blood flow of nutrients and deposition of metabolites, causing occlusion, leading to microcirculatory disturbances; secondly, people who are usually less active, The ability of the heart to provide blood is relatively weak, and one activity can easily lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain and cause fatigue. Cordyceps can effectively decompose sediments in microvessels and clear blood vessels. At the same time, cardiac output is increased without increasing the oxygen consumption of the myocardium, thereby effectively alleviating these symptoms. Cordyceps has a wide range of effects on the heart and brain system. The main reason is that cordycepic acid can reduce the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood and prevent the formation of thrombus. At the same time adenosine can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, improve myocardial ischemia, and regulate the microcirculation of heart, brain, kidney and other tissues to clear the local blood flow. In addition, Cordyceps also has the effect of improving drug-induced arrhythmias. 4. The role of Cordyceps on the liver We know that the liver is the body's digestive and detoxifying organs, and the large amount of food we eat every day must undergo the decomposition and metabolism of the liver to become nutrients that our body can use. The drugs or toxic substances that enter the body also go through the detoxification of the liver to avoid greater harm to our body and daily life. The fact that the liver is constantly working around the clock allows fatigue, especially when it comes to diseases related to the liver. If you do not pay attention to recuperation, it is very easy to produce some hard-wound diseases that will affect our normal work and life. Cordyceps can protect our liver effectively at any time.According to the study of Cordyceps and Cordyceps polysaccharide can enhance the phagocytic function of liver cells, cordycepic acid, SOD and vitamin E, etc. can resist liver tissue fibrosis, anti-lipid Peroxidation, as well as the enhanced detoxification of the liver due to Cordyceps's enhanced immune function, can effectively protect liver cells. Because hepatitis can be transmitted through diet and body fluid contact, attention is paid to the protection of the liver and liver disease in this circulated time. The prevention is extremely important.5 Effects on the Kidney and Endocrine System Traditional medicine has a lot of discussion about Cordyceps sinensis and kidney impotence, according to the study mainly because Cordyceps has an androgen-like effect, especially among which adenosine can improve Kidney microcirculation and local blood flow, it also regulates adrenaline and sexual function Therefore, Cordyceps has a good effect on middle-aged and elderly people and sexual dysfunction caused by endocrine atrophy and disorders, and has a significant effect on various acute and chronic renal failure. In addition, because various types of "kidney deficiency" are mostly Due to atrophy of endocrine function, and there are a lot of effective cases of Cordyceps treating kidney deficiency in clinical practice, Cordyceps is also a good medicine for treating kidney deficiency.6. Cordyceps on tumors Cordycepin can inhibit the fission of cancer cells, delay the spread of cancer cells, significantly improve The ability of phagocytosis of T cells and macrophages in vivo, and Cordyceps polysaccharides can promote lymphatic transformation and enhance the body's own anti-cancer ability, while Cordyceps also has good sedative and analgesic effects, which can reduce the pain of cancer attack. There is no cure for the treatment of cancer, and most of the drugs used for treatment are not only expensive, but also have strong side effects. In contrast, Cordyceps has not only no side effects but also can accelerate the body's recovery and enhance its immune function. And adjuvant therapy for cancer is a good choice. Clinical application of Cordyceps Clinical studies have shown that Cordyceps has a variety of effects, it is mainly used in chronic renal failure, immune dysfunction, acute and chronic hepatitis, adjuvant protection of chemotherapy, cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, cerebral thrombosis, Brain atrophy, tumor adjuvant therapy, diabetes mellitus, etc. Most of them are adjuvant therapeutics, in general Cordyceps is better for health care and prevention than treatment 1. Cordyceps can significantly improve the human immune system capacity Cordyceps can protect and enhance macrophages Increase the percentage of phagocytosis, increase the liver and spleen phagocytic coefficient value, and protect T lymphocytes from damage, enhance cellular immune function, enhance liver function, and promote metabolism.The immunity of edible Cordyceps is increased by 80%. It was reported that Cordyceps can improve immune and hematopoietic function, increase the proliferation of peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes, and increase the production of interleukin-2 by spleen cells, increase the activity of natural killer cells, and promote the proliferation of hematopoietic cells, as well as immune or hematopoietic function. Low-grade, cancer and other diseases have significant adjuvant treatment use. 2. Treatment of respiratory diseases Cordyceps sinensis protects the lungs and kidneys, stops bleeding and phlegm, significantly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, and enhances a series of actions such as epinephrine to improve lung function, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, etc. Disease can relieve symptoms and prolong recurrence. Xiao Miao and other 30 cases of pulmonary heart disease respiratory failure in patients with comprehensive treatment based on Cordyceps sinensis treatment, the results found that after the application of Cordyceps except in addition to phenylalanine all essential amino acids were increased. Therefore, it is believed that Cordyceps sinensis can increase the ratio of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids by changing plasma amino acids, thereby playing an auxiliary therapeutic role in pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure. Zheng Xingyu reported that single-sweet Chinese caterpillar fungus is effective in preventing and treating recurrent respiratory infections in the elderly. 3. Anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and increased exercise capacity. After exercise, the body will accumulate large quantities of lactic acid and other metabolites in muscle tissue, and Cordyceps can accelerate. Blood circulation, remove it quickly. At the same time, free radicals increase after exercise, and the final product malondialdehyde (MDA) is cytotoxic, which is the main cause of fatigue. After Cordyceps militaris, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased, indicating that Cordyceps can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation, reduce free radical production, and maintain normal cell membrane function. Therefore, it has an excellent anti-anoxia, anti-fatigue, and improve the ability to exercise. 4, the role of heart and brain blood vessels Cordyceps can significantly lower blood triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoprotein levels, thus resisting thrombosis, anti-arrhythmia and effective lower blood pressure. The experiment showed that the total effective rate of Cordyceps treated arrhythmia and hypertension was over 70%, and the total effective rate of reducing cholesterol was 76.2%. Domestic Gong Xiaojian et al reported that the use of Cordyceps mycelia petroleum ether extracts has a strong antiarrhythmic effect, can significantly counter aconitine-induced arrhythmias, prolong the induction time of arrhythmia, and reduce the duration and severity of arrhythmia. It also has certain antagonistic effects on arrhythmia caused by strontium chloride and can reduce the severity of arrhythmia. It has also been reported that Cordyceps aqueous extracts have good anti-trigger arrhythmia effects. 5, kidney impotence role of Cordyceps can increase the plasma cortisol content, increase the adrenal gland, cholesterol content in the target tissue. Increase the secretion of epinephrine, which has a good effect of kidney aphrodisiac. Cordyceps eaten kidney function improved rate of 60 to 70%. Shang Dejing and other tests showed that the use of Cordyceps sinensis fermentation solution and Cordyceps sinensis preparations can improve the symptoms of Yang deficiency and increase the weight and the number of spontaneous activities of Yang deficiency patients, and shorten the erectile latency of the penis, demonstrating that Cordyceps has the effect of invigorating Qi and strengthening the yang. 6, anti-tumor effect Cordyceps can inhibit cancer cell fission, delay the spread of cancer cells, significantly improve the body's T cells, macrophage phagocytosis, so that their ability to fight cancer cells greatly enhanced. Experiments showed that after one month of eating Cordyceps, the tumor inhibition rate was over 62%. Studies at home and abroad have shown that Cordyceps has inhibitory effects on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (KB cells) and human cervical cancer cells (Hela cells). Xu Renhe et al. found that intracellular administration of Cordyceps sinensis can significantly enhance NK activity in mice and inhibit the formation of lung cancer clones, and partially antagonize the inhibitory effect of Cy on mouse NK activity. 7, anti-aging effects In the current medical community recognized seven major anti-aging active ingredients, Cordyceps covers five categories, namely, polysaccharides, amino acids, peptides (proteins), nucleic acids and vitamins (the other two are flavonoids and saponins class). Cordyceps sinensis can reduce the decline of central catecholamine levels caused by aging and the resulting damage to the body's biochemical processes, and remove harmful free radicals from the body, thus delaying aging, health and longevity. Cordyceps sinensis is therefore particularly suitable for the daily health care and rehabilitation of the elderly. Li Liande and others used the polysaccharides extracted from the deep fermentation products of Cordyceps sinensis to perform anti-aging tests. The results showed that different sources of Cordyceps polysaccharides have different degrees of prolongation of the life span of fruit flies, thereby demonstrating the role of Cordyceps polysaccharides in delaying aging. 8, antibacterial, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory effects Cordyceps active substances Cordyceps, cordycepin Staphylococci, Intranasal bacillus, septicemia bacillus Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Urea tuberculosis have obvious resistance and inhibition. After being eaten by chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers, 31.5% returned to normal, 40.6% improved significantly, and the total effective rate reached 56%. There have been several reports of successful cases of Hepatitis B treated with Cordyceps sinensis in China. Such as Liu Yufeng and other clinical observations reported that Cordyceps sinensis liposome has significantly improved liver function, inhibit the role of hepatitis B virus. 9, sedative Cordyceps can significantly reduce the time of spontaneous activity of mice, prolong the sleep time of pentobarbital, showing a clear sedative effect 10, beauty skin care effect Cordyceps can dilate blood vessels, increase the skin surface of the blood circulation, play a beauty, skin care effect. China Agricultural Network Editor