Flammulina velutipes is extremely rich in nutrients. It is known as the mushroom and the "one mushroom". It is a famous edible mushroom in the world and has developed into the third largest edible fungus. Sichuan and Chongqing have developed into the largest yellow enoki mushroom producing area in the country due to the development of hot pot industry and the huge consumption of Flammulina velutipes, coupled with abundant raw materials and strong technical strength. First, choose a good strain In Sichuan, the main cultivar of Flammulina velutipes is yellow (line) Flammulina velutipes. The main varieties are Flammulina velutipes No. 12, P951 and F411, Jinza 19, Chuanjin No. 1, Jinsi, Jinzheng No.8 and No.9 in recent years. The cultivation amount is small. In addition, there are a small number of white enoki mushroom production in Sichuan, and the most suitable varieties are F21 and white snow. Second, arrange the cultivation season At present, the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes is generally carried out using natural climatic conditions, and the production season must be arranged according to the climatic conditions and variety characteristics of each place. At present, the temperature of the main push varieties is low temperature type, so it is better to let the mushrooming time be 8-17 °C in the production season. In Ganzi, Aba and other places, due to its low natural temperature and the use of frozen storage and other facilities for annual production. The anti-season cultivation time is generally from May to September, and the preparation of the strains is completed in January-March, and the production and cultivation of the mushroom bags are carried out in March-June. Third, put a good bag In the production of Flammulina velutipes mushroom bag, it is necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of Flammulina velutipes, and to control the pollution, and to produce pure mushroom strains and mycelium. The nutrient accumulation is sufficient, in order to achieve high yield and quality, and finally obtain better economic benefits. 1. Reasonable ingredients: At the time of ingredients, pay attention to four points. 1 Whether it is cotton husk, waste cotton, corn cob, and wood chips, or the main ingredient of cultivar, bagasse, chaff, etc. for cultivation of Flammulina velutipes, there must be no mold change, and certain organic nitrogen source materials should be added. Such as rice bran, wheat drum, corn flour; 7 with distiller's grains, straw, sawdust, chaff and other materials, do not deal with it, such as chaff, straw to be soaked and softened, the wood chips will go through half a year The above time of sun and rain, etc.; 2 the moisture content of the culture material should be 60-65%, the water should be slightly biased, but not too wet or too wet, to be even and wet; 4 with good materials and fashion bag. 2. Use appropriate size plastic bags, bagging tightness: generally use 20-22 × 38-42cm size plastic bags of Flammulina velutipes culture; be careful not to scratch or damage the plastic bag when bagging. Plastic bags with trachoma or broken mouth are not used, and the damaged culture bag does not enter the stove. 3. Sterilization should be thorough: under normal pressure sterilization conditions, the sterilization time should be from the time when the temperature reaches 100 °C, maintain 100-102 °C for 12-16 hours, and 焖 4-6 hours before the stove can be opened. 4. The culture bag should be careful not to damage the plastic bag during all handling. 5. Pay attention to two points when inoculation: 1 must use excellent strains, no contaminated strains and suspected strains. 2 Aseptically, try to be aseptic as possible, and do it lightly. Fourth, the cultivation of good hyphae is the key to cultivation During the cultivation process, attention should be paid to the ventilation and dehumidification of the culture chamber, the control temperature is about 20 °C, and the shading; the culture bags should not be piled too densely and too high; and the bags should be turned over and treated in time; and the pests should be prevented. happened. After the hyphae are full, the time to finish the culture should be determined according to the dense condition of the silk; if the hyphae are still sparse when the bag is full, it is best to continue to culture for one week, so that the hyphae can accumulate more nutrients to ensure higher Yield and better quality. Fifth, pay attention to the management during the mushrooming period 1. The culture of Flammulina velutipes has sufficient nutrient accumulation, and the hyphae are dense. When the sputum is sprinkled with yellow water, the culture bag is cultivated. At this time, the culture bag should be moved from the culture room to the mushroom house for domestication. 2. When acclimating, ensure low temperature and high humidity and adequate ventilation, and provide some scattered light. The temperature during the mushrooming period is 8-12 °C, and the air humidity is 85-95%. The daily ventilation is determined according to the size of the mushroom house, the mushrooming period, the amount of mushrooms, etc. Strong, there is a brightness of 25 watt bulbs. 3. Timely bagging: When the mushroom bud has a long exit ring of 2-3cm, it is necessary to put a plastic bag of 20-22cm wide and 36cm long in time to ensure the normal growth humidity and CO2 concentration of Flammulina velutipes; when the mushroom body grows to 7-10cm The end of the bag film can be tied up. Sixth, timely harvest When the mushroom grows to 15-20cm, it should be harvested in time; after the mushroom is collected, the management of the mushroom should be strengthened. Seven, anti-season cultivation techniques Off-season cultivation mainly uses the natural conditions of frozen storage, air-raid shelters, caves, and high-altitude mountainous areas to ensure the low temperature conditions required for mushroom feeding. The difference between its cultivation techniques and conventional cultivation is mainly the following points; 2. Due to the high temperature during bagging during off-season cultivation, many pests and bacteria are often produced. Therefore, control of pest control and pollution during cultivation and mushrooming has become the most important link. 3. Appropriate anti-seasonal cultivars are selected: the anti-seasonal cultivars of Flammulina velutipes in our province are still dominated by Golden Needle No.12 and F951, and other varieties are rarely used. 4. In the management of mushroom production, special attention should be paid to management measures such as reasonable discharge of mushroom bags, ventilation and cooling, and prevention of adverse effects caused by high temperature and high humidity. In the frozen storage management technology, in addition to paying attention to the selection of a more reasonable frozen storage, it is also necessary to pay attention to the early low temperature domestication treatment and provide sufficient light source. When the mushroom is grown in a cultivation environment such as a bomb shelter, if the temperature is higher than that of the mushroom, the mushroom should be considered for harvesting.
The cultivation of Flammulina velutipes should pay attention to the following points (taking Sichuan as an example):
1. In order to save costs, the anti-season cultivation of Flammulina velutipes generally takes a bag at room temperature and easily produces mushrooms.