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1 Create a good soil environment
1.1 Establishing a fully functional gully system
Dig deep trenches, ditch depth 35cm. The sulcus can be divided into different shades, and the deep sulcus can be divided into irrigation trenches with a trench depth of 30cm. The shallow trenches can be used as a management operation trench with a trench depth of 20cm, which is favorable for rainwater drainage and sunny watering. Clear sunny days can keep deep Weigou, deep trench 1/3 ditch water. In this way, whether the rainy season or the dry weather, the garden soil can achieve water-steam ventilation, which is not only beneficial to strengthening roots and strong seedlings, but also conducive to the breeding of microbial populations that are beneficial to the soil.
1.2 Drought and rotation
There is plenty of rainwater in the mountainous area of ​​southern Jiangxi, and the irrigation conditions are good. A regular paddy-crop rotation is adopted for the cultivation of vegetable gardens. That is to say, one season of paddy rice is planted every year, so that the soil is in a submerged rinsing and reduction state, which is conducive to degradation and elimination of mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and chromium in the soil. , Zinc and excessive Cl- and other harmful substances on vegetables, but also help to promote N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other nutrients effective and quick.
1.3 Adjusting soil pH
Adjust the soil pH to around 6.5. For the short-term leafy vegetables, one type of lime (20 kg per 667 m 2 ), 100 kg of manure, and 1.5 kg of sulfur is applied to the soil with basal fertilizer. For long-growing vegetables, 25kg of lime, or 1,000kg of manure, or 2kg of sulfur (optionally one) is added to the soil with every 667m2 of basal fertilizer.
2 Principles of fertilization
2.1 Apply suitable fertilizer types
The main products are composted manure, compost, green manure, cake manure, straw, human and animal manure, grass ash, mud manure, organic biological fertilizer, and commodity organic fertilizer, supplemented by mineral chemical fertilizers. It is forbidden to use municipal waste as fertilizer.
2.2 Rational application of nitrogen fertilizer
The amount of pure nitrogen applied to each leaf of 667 m2 per ridge should be controlled within 20 kg. For cabbage and leafy vegetables, the use of nitrogen fertilizers should be limited. The amount of pure nitrogen per 667 square meters of such vegetables must not exceed 10 kg. If vegetable plots of leafy vegetables are grown for a long period of time, the amount of pure nitrogen per 667 square meters must not exceed 15 kg.
2 The organic nitrogen fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer are in reasonable combination with high fertility soil (over 0.12% of total nitrogen) without application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The ratio of organic nitrogen fertilizer to inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in soils of general fertility should not be less than 1:1. Low fertility soil organic nitrogen fertilizer ratio is larger.
3 Strictly control the harvest of nitrogen before application and listing of vegetables. Before harvesting, no topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should be applied 8 days before it is put on the market to avoid accumulation of nitrate in the vegetable.
4 Various nitrogen fertilizers should be used in combination with nitrate nitrogen fertilizers in nitrogen fertilizers in combination with ammonia nitrogen fertilizers and acid ammonia nitrogen fertilizers.
3 Fertilization methods
3.1 Reasonable application of basal fertilizer and top dressing
70% of nitrogen fertilizer was used as base fertilizer and 30% was top dressing, among which nitrogen fertilizer 3/5 was used as top dressing. Organic fertilizers and mineral phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers for all plant and tree ash, and other fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers. After organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are mixed as base fertilizer.
3.2 Top-dressing adopts the technique of “preserving the head and attacking the tailâ€
In the seedling stage, nitrogen-dominated thin fertilizers were applied several times. In the early stage of growing vegetables, topdressing was the main factor. Note that N, P and K were proportionately coordinated; and there was little or no top dressing before the harvest period. The key periods for the fertilization of various vegetables are as follows: root vegetables, onions and garlic, onions and dioscorea at the beginning of the period of inflating roots; cabbages, cabbages, mustards, etc. at the beginning of the ball or the beginning of the bulb; melons, tomato After fruit and beans are settled in the first fruit.
3.3 Apply foliar fertilizer out of root
1 Generally, the organic compound foliar fertilizer has good effect as a top-dressing fertilizer outside the roots. Tianfengsu, Aupuer, amino acid compound fertilizer, plant power 2003 or urea can be used.
2Appropriate spraying of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to supplement the shortage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in vegetable fields. For each production season of short-term leafy vegetables, after the harvest of long-growing vegetables, once per harvest, per-667m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100g) plus water (50kg) is used for extra-root spray.
3 Boron-injected boron is applied to boron-sensitive vegetables, such as broccoli, parsley, and kohlrabi, which are sensitive to boron. Spray 50kg of water with 75g borax (spray 2 to 3 times from the rosette stage).
4 Matters needing attention
1 Pay attention to the sky top dressing, the temperature is higher in the south windy days, and low wind blows the north wind day with less top dressing or no top dressing.
2 Pay attention to the combination of top dressing and climate, and the cultivation and management of vegetable gardens. Top dressing should be combined with natural rainfall, artificial irrigation, cultivator cultivation, and soil moisture content.
3 greenhouse vegetables than open-air vegetables focus on the application of organic fertilizer to supplement the carbon source from the soil, to meet the greenhouse because of poor ventilation conditions, lack of carbon dioxide photosynthesis.
4 The greenhouses have poor air diffusion conditions, and the soil oxidation reduction potential is lower than that of open gardens. Ammonium bicarbonate and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers are generally contraindicated.
5 Can make full use of greenhouse facilities outside the root dressing, but the concentration is slightly thinner than the open-air vegetables, and the interval between the application is longer.
Pinghe County has been growing vegetables for many years. In 2004, the county had 13500 hectares of vegetables planted, and the total output was 400,000 tons. It is an important vegetable production base in Quzhou, and vegetable cultivation is also the main income for farmers in Pinghe County. In the vegetable production, how to create a soil pollution-free fertility environment, how to do a reasonable fertilization, so that the content of harmful substances in vegetables within the standards set by the state, so as to achieve high yield, high quality, pollution-free goals. Based on many years of practical experience, the author summarized techniques for the production of pollution-free vegetables and fertilizers suitable for natural conditions such as climate and soil in Pinghe County, southern Anhui, and have achieved good results in production for several years.