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Forage harvesting mechanization technology has very mature experience in North America and Europe, and there are many kinds of pasture harvesting machinery. The mechanization of forage harvesting in China is still at the initial stage. Forage harvesting machinery, especially the harvesting machinery for alfalfa, is mainly from abroad. Imported, domestic machinery is mainly based on round balers, mostly used for the recovery of rice straw. Whether it is for imported or domestic machinery, domestic users should be careful when purchasing, carefully analyze the characteristics, performance and adaptability of each machine, so as to better make it play its biggest role and provide the development of forage industry in China. Strong equipment support. There are many imported forage machines currently in use in China. Therefore, we must fully understand the main technical features of various types of machinery and combine the local actual conditions to do a good job of selection and matching to achieve high quality hay or silage and better economic efficiency. the goal of. The main characteristics of the various imported forage harvesting machinery, especially the rake harvesting machinery, and the applicable supporting programs are briefly introduced and are for reference only. I. The main types of pasture harvesting machinery 1. The main function of the mowing and squeezing machine is to cut and flatten the pasture and form a grass shop with a certain shape and thickness on the ground. According to the structural classification of cutting parts, it can be divided into reciprocating mower and disc mower; according to the driving power drive classification, can be divided into self-propelled and traction, and for traction Traction rack type and center shaft traction type; divided according to width of mowing width, narrow and wide range of grass flattening machine; classified according to flattening, rubber roller, steel roller and hammer type Minute. Different mower conditioners have different operating conditions. 2. The rake is used to turn over the pasture, spread and spread the pasture to accelerate the drying of pasture. Weeding machinery includes finger-type rakes, fence-type rakes, and grasshoppers and other varieties. 3. Balers The balers can be divided into square balers and round balers. Square balers are divided into small square balers and medium and large square balers. The mass of bale bales used by the small square balers is generally 18-kg, and the cross-section size of the bales is (36-41) cm (46-56) cm. The length can be adjusted between 31-132 cm. The mass of bales used by medium-sized square bales is about 454 kilograms, and the cross-sectional size is generally 80 cm centimeters, and the length is about 250 centimeters. The quality of the bale bales used by large square balers is 510 to 998 kg, and the cross-section size of bales is (80 to 120) cm (70 to 127) centimeters in length and 250 to 274 centimeters in length. The quality of round bales is generally 134 to 998 kg, bale length is 99 to 156 cm, bale diameter is 76 to 190 cm, bale size can be adjusted, and round bales can be tightly wrapped with nets and bundles. 4. Bale Handling and Stacking Machinery Bale handling and stacking machinery includes self-propelled or towed square bale pickers and multi-functional handlers. Second, the main characteristics of pasture harvesting machinery 1. Mower conditioner This introduces the main features of the reciprocating mower and disc mower flattening machine. (1) Reciprocating mower conditioner. The required tractor power is relatively small. For example, the New Holland 488 mower conditioner requires only a minimum tractor power output shaft power of 26.5 kW. Shearing is used to cut and the grass is cut neatly. The width can be chosen from a wide range of 2.2 to 5.6 meters. The maximum operating speed is 12 to 13 km/h. The mechanical construction cost is relatively low, the investment is small, and the operating cost is higher than the disc type. (2) Disc type mower conditioner. Disc mowers use a blade on a high-speed rotary disc to impact the cutting stems, and are particularly suitable for cutting high and thick stem crops. The cut gargle is not neat and it is generally not easy to produce clogging. The operating speed is fast, up to 14-15 km/h, and the mowing efficiency is high. The operating width is 3 to 4.8 meters. The power needed to support the tractor is relatively large, and the power output shaft power of the tractor should be at least 58.8 kilowatts. The cost of machinery is relatively high, investment is high, and operating costs are lower than reciprocating. 2. The rake (1) finger rake. The use of high-speed rotating gears for weeding, high operating efficiency, relatively low investment costs. If used for boring operations, it will hit the blades and the blades will lose a lot. Since the rake wheel itself is also the driving wheel, it is easy to mix the soil blocks or stones into the grass, which will reduce the quality of pasture. (2) Fence rakes. The basket's spring teeth gently roll the crops horizontally or gather them to complete the sward work. The movement of the springs is driven by a special wheel or hydraulic motor. The springs are contoured near the ground and do not touch the ground. Avoid mixing rocks or debris to obtain high quality hay. It is especially suitable for hoeing and drying. The investment is higher than the disk rake. 3. Baler (1) Small square baler. Due to the small bales, baling can be performed when the grass has a relatively high moisture content. The harvest quality of forage grass is high, the feeding is convenient, the construction cost is relatively low, and the investment is small; suitable for long-distance transportation, the tractor's power output shaft is required. The power is small, and the minimum power output is 25.7 kilowatts; the bale can be loaded and unloaded by hand, not to mention that the baling operation and bale handling operations require more labor. (2) Medium and large square balers. The operation efficiency is high, the transportation is convenient, and it can be packaged directly to make silage. The cost of the baler is relatively high and the investment is relatively high. The power of the tractor engine is required to be large, and the medium-sized baler needs a tractor with more than 73.5 kilowatts. Large balers require 147 kW tractors; bales must be mechanized for handling and handling. (3) Round baler. The operating efficiency is higher than that of the small square baler, and it can be packaged after baling to make silage directly; the power of the matching tractor is higher than that of the small square baler and is lower than the large square baler; the bale must be mechanized Handling and handling are not suitable for long-distance transportation. 4. Bale handling and stacker cranes (1) Traction type small square bundle pickup and stacker trucks. Traction work by tractors is used to pick up and stack small bundles, and the investment is relatively low. (2) self-propelled small square bundle pickup and stacker. Self-propelled, no other mechanical traction, used for picking and stacking of small bundles, high operating efficiency, such as the New Holland 1095 self-propelled pickup truck can pick up a section of 41 cm 46 cm and 38/4156 Three kinds of bales of centimeters, one can pick up 63 to 160 bales at a time, the quality of 2 ~ 6.5t, but the aircraft investment. (3) Multi-functional stacker cranes. For the loading and unloading and stacking of large or round bales, the boom has a wide range of retracting and can be used to complete a variety of work items. The operation is flexible and convenient, and the investment is large. III. Supporting Programs Although there are many varieties of pasture harvesting machines available on the international market, due to factors such as the power level of the domestic power machinery and the scale of investment, the supporting scheme commonly used at present is "in the narrow range of reciprocating cutting. Grass compactor + fence rake + economical small square baler." Take New Holland products as an example, the “488 type mower conditioner+256Rolabar fence type mower+565 square baler†is a relatively economical supporting scheme. The main advantage of adopting this kind of supporting scheme: no need to purchase wheeled tractors with a capacity of more than 73.5 kilowatts, only 36.8 to 47.8 kilowatts of wheeled tractors made in China are to be used in combination, neither will the “small horse-drawn carts†fail to reach. The awkward situation of the best efficiency of the corresponding pasture machinery. The loss of grass leaves is less, and high-quality hay can be obtained. Since the bale is small, the handling of the bale can be carried out manually, which reduces the investment in transport mechanization. Fourth, the development trend of the "narrow-width reciprocating mower conditioner + fence type mower + economical small square baler" matching program is the current stage to achieve the economical plan for the harvesting mechanization. With the continuous upgrading of wheeled tractors, the wider use of wheeled tractors of more than 73.5 kilowatts, will use a more technologically advanced supporting program? "Wide reciprocating mower conditioner or disc mower pressure Flat machine + inline fence rake + high efficiency small square baler or generous baler + bale handling and stacker." For New Holland products, for example, "1475 wide reciprocating mower conditioner or 1431 disc mower conditioner + tandem 256 or 258 Rolabar barrier mulcher + 575 or 580 m The scheme of “automatically picking up stacker trucks with +1095 small bundles of machines†will undoubtedly further improve the production efficiency of pasture harvesting.