Crimson is the dry stigma of Crocus Sativas, also known as saffron. With blood circulation, cooling blood detoxification, Jieyu tranquility effect. Also used for viewing, food seasoning, make-up and beauty, dyes and so on. Native to the Mediterranean coast. China was introduced in 1965 and 1980, and now Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang have been cultivated in larger areas. (A) Morphological characteristics perennial herb, plant height of about 20 cm. Underground bulbs are spheroidal in shape, surrounded by brown pigmented phosphorus leaves, with links and buds on the segments. The buds are multi-layer pyramidal membranous scales. Apical buds 1 to 4, large and obvious, located at the top of the bulb. Each ball has 2-13 leaves, each leaf has 2-15 leaves, and the base of the leaves has 3-5 sheath-like scales; leaves are linear and sessile. Flowers terminal; tepals 6, pale reddish purple; stamens 3; pistil 3, style slender, stigma 3 deep lobes, apical slightly swollen funnel-shaped, margins with irregular serrations, bulges outside, sagging, deep red , oily, with a specific fragrance. Lower ovary, 3 rooms. Abortion, no seeding, flowering in November. (ii) Growth habits Safflower is a subtropical plant that is warm and humid in winter and hot and arid in summer. Hi-sunlight environment, more cold-resistant, winter can withstand a low temperature of 10C. At present, although China's introduction area is also in the subtropical area, but it is rainy in summer, it is not conducive to the exposed areas of bulbs. Therefore, the method of combining indoor flower collection with open field propagation bulb is currently used. During saffron indoor flowering, a certain amount of air humidity is required. Generally, the relative humidity of the air is required to be maintained at about 80%, the humidity is too low, the flowering number is reduced, the humidity is more than 90%, and the bulbs may also be rooted prematurely. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Land selection and site preparation should be selected in winter and spring, where the climate is warm, humid, sunny, loose soil, fertile, slightly alkaline, and well-drained slopes or hillside fields. Former bean crops are preferred. One month before sowing, 6,000 kg of fertilizer per 1,000 square meters of farmland, 60 kg of superphosphate and 400 kg of rapeseed cake were deeply ploughed into the soil to make a uniform width of 1.3 to 1.5 meters and a height of 20 centimeters. 2. Breeding methods reproduce with bulbs. (1) Live broadcast method: It is generally conducted from late August to mid-September. Before sowing, bulbs should be removed lateral buds, bulbs under 15 grams to leave a top students, the rest were removed with a sterile knife, 25 grams of the following top buds, more than 25 grams of top three buds. Drying after budding for 2 to 3 days to promote wound healing. Drilling, on a well-made rake, in a row spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm, open a ditch of 5 cm to 8 cm deep, then water, until the water seepage, according to the spacing of 8 cm to 10 cm will bulbs into the ditch, The main buds are upward and cover the soil. About 30,000 seed stems per 1,000 square meters, about 600 kilograms, specifically related to planting density and stem size. (2) Indoor flower picking and open field ball cultivation: Prior to mid-August, more than 10 grams of bulbs were binned according to size, and they were discharged into the indoor frame and layered on shelves, each layer being 30 cm apart. The equipment can be constructed in advance, and the conditions in Jamsil can also be used to strictly control the indoor temperature and humidity. After 80% of the flowers are removed, the bulbs should be promptly moved to field for open cultivation. The planting method should be the same as the live broadcast method. 3. Indoor and field management (1) Indoor management: bulbs sprout in the room, and flowering depends on their own nutrients and moisture. To prevent excessive water loss, indoor air humidity should be maintained at about 80%. When the humidity is low, it can be properly sprinkled, but it should not be too much to prevent water from flowing to the lower roots. After bulbs sprout, they need to change the position of the frame so that they receive light evenly. Summer season, as long as possible to maintain a cool, generally controlled at 24 °C ~ 27 °C, in order to facilitate flower bud differentiation, to avoid the continued high temperature above 30 °C, generally can be set up on the north and south sides of the house pergola, and pay attention to the sunny window before and after noon, open sooner or later Ventilation of doors and windows adjusts the room temperature. In addition, as the flower buds elongate, the unexhausted lateral buds gradually germinate and should be removed in time. (2) Field management: 1 Watering: The safflower needs a large amount of water. During the entire growth period, especially during flowering and new ball growth, the soil moisture should be kept between 70% and 80%, so it should be watered in a timely manner. . 2 top-dressing: after the flowering period or about half a month after planting, topdressing organic fertilizer and plant ash should be applied. 3 cultivating and weeding: After watering and raining, we should timely cultivating and weeding. But after April, no more grasses are used, so the field weeds in the field can play a role in shading and moisturizing, which is conducive to the later growth of saffron. At the same time will continue to germinate side buds erased. 4Pest and disease control (1) Corruption disease: Originated from July to August, injuring the main bud and damaging the whole bulbous stem. Control methods: Indoor flower collection, open field propagation and fault development period; crop rotation; timely removal of diseased plants and disinfection with lime powder; soaking with 5% lime solution for 20 minutes before planting; 50% leaf dry 1000 times at seedling stage or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times spray. (2) Mosaic disease: damage to the leaves, affecting the whole plant in severe cases. Control methods: Use the bulbs of disease-free plants as a seed; timely control of aphids. In addition, there are locusts, cockroaches, cockroaches and other damage. (D) Harvesting and processing live broadcast method and indoor flower picking method were all harvested in November that year. After the saffron blooms, it should be timely harvested, and take off the red style and stigma of the pistil, and adopt the rapid drying method for timely processing. Generally, it can be dried at 50°C～60°C for 4 hours, then it can be dried and stored in a dry obturator. , juxtapose dark places. (e) Seed-keeping techniques In the middle and early May of the year, when the leaves are completely brown, they are immediately digged, washed, and the residual leaves are cut off to remove the crest of the bulbous crest at the bottom, and the size is divided into subgrades. Mix well and store in the room and plant the large bulbs without pests and diseases for planting. With indoor flower pickers, the bulbs can be directly placed in the indoor frame and stored on shelves. Pre-storage temperature requirements are higher, 24 °C ~ 29 °C, and later should be lower, about 15 °C ~ 18 °C, in order to facilitate the full development of flower buds and early flowering.