What is "8518" walnut? "85" refers to 1985, and "18" refers to No. 18 bud change. That is a bud variety walnut discovered in 1985. Location of discovery: The front slope of the Lushan main peak in Weiyuan County, Shandong Province. 2, "8518" What are the characteristics of walnuts? (1) Early solidity The current year's grafted seedlings bloomed more than 80% of the year, and some fruit set. If the time for grafting is early, the fruit-bearing walnuts can be matured on the seedlings. The walnut seedlings bought by customers are mostly sprouted. Bloom and bear fruit. 3, "8518" walnut why high yield? There are two main reasons for the high yield of "8518" walnuts: one is the result of spikes or strings, and the other is the results of internal litchi. Ordinary walnuts are only one-sided fruit, most of the fruit set is one to two, three are very few, and the internal litchi does not result. 4, "8518" walnuts and ordinary walnuts have those differences? (1) The effective time is different; ordinary walnut planting for 5 to 6 years, or even 8 to 9 years before flowering results, more than ten years to reach the rich period, "8518" walnuts to see the fruit of the year, three-year high yield, rich in five years. 5, walnut seedlings Walnut seedlings are divided into seedlings (rootstock seedlings), seedlings and grafted seedlings: (1) seedlings: Third, the scope of "8518" walnut suitable species “8518†Requirements for normal growth of walnut trees on the natural environment Walnut trees have a wide range of distribution in China. According to relevant data, they are cultivated or planted between 21-44N and 75-124E. Mainly in the temperate zone, warm temperate zone and subtropical zone. 8518 Peach is a bud-variety variety with strong adaptability, and its environmental requirements are not strict. Walnut trees require more stringent conditions than ecological conditions, and they are beyond the scope of suitable habitat. Although they can survive, they have poor growth and cannot produce yield. The actual conditions vary from region to region. (c) Lighting Walnut is a light tree species. In the growing season of one year, the sunshine hours and intensity have a great influence on the growth, flower bud differentiation and flowering and solidification of "8518" walnuts, especially the 8518 walnut trees entering the full fruit period, they need to have sufficient light conditions. Annual sunshine hours of more than 2,000 hours to ensure the normal conditions of development of 8518 walnut. When the illumination hours were less than 1000 hours, the "8518" walnut kernels and shells were all poorly developed. It has been observed that in the open period of female flowers, if the lighting conditions are good, the fruit set rate of “8518†walnuts will be significantly increased. On the contrary, if the lighting conditions are poor, it will cause a large number of fruit drop and fruit drop. In the same plant, the periphery is better than the inner light, so the quality of the outer fruit is better than that of the inner fruit. Therefore, the "8518" walnut trees in the full fruiting period will be properly removed to enhance the ventilation and transparency of the inner pot, which is extremely beneficial to improve the quality of the inner pot "8518" walnut. (d) Soil "8518" walnuts belong to the deep-rooted tree species. The growth of their roots requires a deeper soil layer (1m) in order to maintain a good state of growth and development. If the soil layer is thin, it will affect the normal growth of the root system, and it is easy to form a "small old tree" with lower yield. Soil improvement should be carried out at this time. (e) Moisture Water is the source of life. Anything in agriculture is inseparable from water. Walnut trees have strict requirements on soil moisture, and often different populations and varieties have great differences in their ability to adapt to soil moisture content. For example, Xinjiang's early walnuts have been adapted to the dry climate in Xinjiang all year round. If we introduce it to areas with an annual rainfall of 600 mm or more, many unfavorable phenomena will occur, such as the return of farmland to forests in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. All introduced Xinjiang walnuts, due to a large amount of local rainfall, resulting in five years old trees grow into less than 1.5? Old trees, the roots, trunk epithelium ulceration, poor branching ability, can not be normal growth results or abnormal fruit, quality difference. The bubble walnuts in Yunnan have adapted to the natural conditions of high air humidity and high soil moisture content, and they can still grow well and produce high yields when the annual precipitation is 800-1000mm, whereas the yield decreases when the precipitation is relatively dry. In general, "8518" walnut trees are resistant to dry air, but they are sensitive to soil moisture. Excessively dry or too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and solidification of the “8518†walnut tree. In the case of soil drought, the absorption of water and transpiration of the roots are hindered, and the normal metabolism is disturbed, resulting in flowering and fruit falling, and the leaves turning yellow and falling off. . Too much soil moisture or long water will cause poor ventilation in the soil, hinder the respiration of the roots and cause suffocation and rot, thus affecting the growth and development of the aboveground parts or plant death. If the rain is too frequent in autumn, it often causes the “8518†walnuts to have cracks in the early sun and nuts to turn black. Therefore, the requirements for the establishment of the park: Mountain "8518" Walnut Park should be set up soil and water conservation projects in order to conserve water; flatland and depressions to be laid drainage facilities to ensure that when the water can be drained. The general requirement is that the surface water level of "8518" walnut garden should be less than 2 meters above the surface. If this requirement is not met, ridge planting may be considered to meet the secondary requirements, otherwise the park cannot be built. (f) slope or slope Rhubarb Extract,Gastrodia Elata Extract,Dried Rhubarb Tea,Section Tea Lixian Spring Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.lxctyy.com
(2) High yield: In the second year of planting walnut seedlings, most of the results of each tree reached more than 120, and the results of each tree in the third year were more than 5 pounds, and the results of water and fertilizer conditions in each block were as good as 10 pounds per tree. Spike-like walnuts gradually enter the period of high yield. The peak output reached 5 years, and the yield was over a thousand metric tons.
(3) Excellent quality: "8518" walnut nuts are of superior quality, and all quality indicators have reached the national standard of superior walnut nuts. The average weight of 14 grams, fruit shape is correct, uniform size, smooth fruit surface, less pitting, shell thickness 1 mm (this thickness is the most commodity value, too thick and low rate of kernel, too thin to transport), fingers can be broken The inner pleated wall is degraded, the diaphragm is thin, and it is easy to take the whole kernel. The rate of exiting kernels is 63.8% (the rate of most of the fine varieties is around 50%, which is less than 60%), and the kernels are full and the colors are Light, no astringency, fragrant, good taste.
(4) Easy management: “8518†walnut trees are easy to manage on a daily basis, saving money and labor. In general, fruit trees need to be trimmed and the yield can be guaranteed. The more side branches of the "8518" walnut tree, the higher the yield, so that it is not necessary to trim the whole shape and allow it to grow naturally. Its pests and diseases are also relatively small. The annual cost of pesticides, labor, etc. used for management, disease prevention and pest control is much lower than that for berry trees such as grapes, apples and peaches.
(5) Strong disease resistance: There was more rain in the summer of 2004. The incidence of anthracnose in the “Xiangling†walnut trees in Dayang Town, Dongping County, Shandong Province, was more than 50%, and individual trees reached 100%, but no spraying of bactericidal drugs The incidence of "8518" walnut trees is only 5%.
(6) Storage resistance: "8518" walnut nuts are resistant to storage and can be stored for one year at room temperature without deterioration.
(7) Anti-hazards: "8518" walnuts have a strong ability to resist natural disasters. It is drought-tolerant, resistant to moisture, thin, wind-resistant, resistant to hail and frost-resistant. The walnut nuts have a thick green skin. After being hit by a hail, they have little effect on the nuts and will not reduce the commodity value of the walnuts. Any kind of fruit tree is afraid of “cold spring†during the flowering period and fruit setting period. “8518†walnuts can withstand the cold current of minus 5 degrees, and other fruits can only resist the cold current of 2-3 degrees. Even with cold temperatures above minus 5 degrees Celsius, the second flower of the "8518" walnut can produce results and it will not be produced.
(8) Convenient food: "8518" walnut nuts are convenient to eat. You can pinch them with a pinch of both hands. It is very easy to take whole kernels. You don't need hammerheads or clips. People who have eaten say good.
(2) The output is different; the average walnut yield is 50-300 kg per mu. "8518" walnuts can reach 200-300 kilograms per mu in three years. The relatively sluggish harvest of land yields 600-800 pounds of land, and the conditions for good water and fertilizers can reach 1,000 pounds. (3) Nuts are of different quality; ordinary walnut shells are about 2 mm thick, with many kernels, it is not easy to obtain kernels, and the rate of kernels is low, only 30%, and the kernel color is deep and astringent. Many people do not like to eat. "8518" walnut nuts are of superior quality, they are opened with both hands, and they are easy to take. They have no astringency and are deeply loved by consumers.
There are many types of seedlings, with iron walnuts commonly used in Yunnan and Guangxi, pecans in the south of the Yangtze River, and wild walnuts in the northeast. In the North China region, the walnut seedlings that we usually eat are usually used to graft walnut seedlings. After years of experimentation, we have found that wild walnuts are quite good in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Sichuan. Its main characteristics are three: First, wild walnuts are drought-resistant and resistant; second, strong tolerance to barren fertility is particularly suitable for barren mountainous areas; and thirdly, after a good finished product is planted on a field or hillside, the annual growth is equivalent to The amount of growth of a typical walnut for two years. Over the past few years, our company has fully grasped this grafting technology and hopes that the majority of farmers will boldly use wild walnuts, because the use of wild walnuts as rootstock has incomparable advantages over other walnuts!
(2) Original seedlings:
That is, the seeds that were produced by the single sex hybridization. The seedlings bred with this seed are called seedlings. According to the observation experiment of trees planted in 1992, no changes have been observed in the trees except 5% of trees. Therefore, this seedling can be directly used to develop the walnut garden without grafting. Shandong Jinan Tianyi Walnut Development Co., Ltd. exclusively operates the “8518†original seedlings and purchases our original seedlings. We will provide customers with purity, survival, and product recovery and tracking technical services.
(3) grafted seedlings:
The grafted seedlings were grafted on the rootstock seedlings (real seedlings) with new varieties of walnut seedlings. There are two types of grafted seedlings in the society: one is the square grafted seedlings in the summer. This kind of seedling is a square cut on the seedlings of the rootstock, peeled off its side and then peel off an equivalent area from the scion. The mouth buds and buds are applied to the square roots of the rootstock. After grafting and survival with this "surgery", they are "square grafted seedlings." The second is to insert the seedlings in the spring: In the spring, the seedling seedlings (real seedlings) are cut at 15-20 cm above the ground, and then they are cut into different types, and then the scion is cut into different types of shapes. "Double tongue connection", "Plug-in tongue", "Flat" and other types.
8518 Ecological Conditions for Survival of Walnut Trees (Scope)
The annual average temperature
2°C - 22.1°C
Extreme minimum temperature - 40 °C - 5.4 °C
Extreme maximum temperature
27.5°C - 47.8°C
Average annual precipitation
126mm——1518.8mm
Frost-free period
90 days - 300 days
Vertically below sea level - 4200m above sea level
Soil type adapts to many types of soil
(i) Altitude In the north of China, walnut trees are often planted at altitudes of up to 1,000 meters above sea level, and are cultivated at altitudes of 500-1500 meters above sea level in the south of the Qinling Mountains, and 1,500-2,000 meters above sea level in Yunnan and Guizhou. Within the range, and south of Liaoning, due to the cold winter, walnut trees grow more than 500 meters above sea level.
(B) Temperature "8518" Walnut's natural origin is mostly in the warmer zone. Therefore, we generally believe that walnut trees belong to thermophilic tree species. The suitable temperature range for ordinary northern walnuts to grow is: the average annual temperature is 9°C-16°C, the minimum minimum temperature is -25°C, and the extreme maximum temperature is 35°C-38°C. Frost-free period of 180 days or more. When walnut trees are dormant, freezing temperatures will occur at -20°C. The adult tree is able to tolerate low temperatures of -30°C during the dormant period, but when the temperature is lower than -26°C to -28°C, some shoots, flower buds, and leaf buds are subject to freezing injury. When the temperature reaches -29°C, the annual branches of walnut trees are severely chilled. When the extreme temperatures reach -37°C, the walnut trees only grow fruitless or long malformed fruits. After the walnut tree leaves in spring, if the temperature falls to -2°C to -4°C, freezing damage will appear in the new shoots; when the temperature drops to -1°C to -2°C during the flowering and young fruit period, it will cause a certain degree of freezing damage. The resulting reduction in production; when the temperature exceeds 38 °C -40 °C, the fruit is easy to burn, hard to develop walnut, often forming empty or black. The southern bubble walnut only adapts to the subtropical climatic conditions, is resistant to heat and humidity, and is resistant to cold and dry weather. The average annual temperature suitable for growth is 12.7°C-16.9°C, the average temperature in the coldest month is 4°C-10°C, the minimum minimum temperature is-5.8°C, the temperature is too low, the ground above the ground will freeze to death, and some even freeze. dead. Therefore, temperature conditions are an important indicator of "introduction."
The basic requirements of “8518†walnut trees on soil texture are: loose texture, good air permeability, and strong water retention ability.
"8518" walnut trees adapt to the soil pH range is pH between 6.2-8.3, the most suitable pH range between 6.5-7.5. The salt content of the soil is required to be below 0.25%, and exceeding this requirement is detrimental to its growth. The above figures are the materials that must be mastered before planning to build the park.
In addition, "8518" walnut trees are hi-favored plants. According to relevant data, each harvested 100 kg of "8518" walnuts. The root system needs to absorb 2.7 kg of pure nitrogen from the soil. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase the output rate of "8518" walnuts. N, P and K fertilizers can not only increase the output of "8518" walnuts, but also improve the quality of "8518" walnut kernels. However, in the specific production process, we must pay attention to the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive nitrogen fertilizer will make the "8518" walnut tree growth period, delayed fruit ripening and new shoots stop growing time, especially for the "8518" walnut tree It is unfavorable for safe wintering. Experience tells us that the increase of farmyard manure and earth green manure is an advantageous measure to overcome the deficiency and benefit the growth of “8518†walnuts. It should be widely applied in production.
1, slope to "8518" walnut trees suitable for growth in the lee place. Practice has proved that the same age, "8518" walnut plants, other geographical conditions are exactly the same, but the slope is different, its growth results are significantly different. Appears as: Sunny> Half Sun> Shade
2. The slope gradient directly affects the degree of soil erosion and the ease of production. The greater the slope, the greater the erosion of soil water and fertilizer, and the greater the difficulty of production operations. The contrary is small. When the slope is relatively large, appropriate engineering should be done.