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Welsh onion is one of the most important vegetables and condiments in the central and northern regions of China and it is widely used. As the cultivation techniques are relatively simple, yields and benefits are high, the planting area is large. Although the price changes with the increase or decrease in planting area, the minimum return per acre is also more than a thousand yuan, up to a maximum of 5000-6000 yuan. However, in the past two or three years, due to the continuous expansion of planting areas, coupled with frequent natural disasters and severe plant diseases and insect pests, the income of households of common scallions farmers has declined. In order to avoid risks and increase the income of vegetable farmers, after more than ten years of investigation and practice, the author has concluded a set of "green onions off-season high-yield, high-efficiency cultivation technology model," which is presented below. First, the choice of species. In order to plant off-season scallions that are listed on the market, we should choose varieties of shallots that are cold-resistant, anti-swollen, heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and of good quality. Such as Zheng Yan Han onions, green onions on the 1st Nanhu, Zhangqiu white onions, Chinese giant onions and other varieties. Second, nurturing strong seedlings, nursery and planting time schedule. The first crop, the nursery at the end of June and the beginning of July, the planting in September, the second year of April-April listing; the second crop, the nursery in mid-September, the second year of planting in March-April, and the listing in early August-September. 2, nursery choice. Since the seedlings of the two Yuji times are almost all in the rainy season, the land should be flat and the terrain is slightly higher. When the drought can be poured, no more than three years of planting of green onions, onions, leeks, garlic, etc. have been planted. Piece. 3, Shizu base fertilizer. Since the root system of young green onion seedlings is shallow and shallow, the ability to absorb nutrients in the soil is poor, and in order to cultivate strong seedlings, sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers must be applied. The specific method is to apply 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms of manure (except chickens, ducks, sheep manure, and raw manure) per acre before planting land, and then apply the sulfuric acid type three-element compound fertilizer before planting. kilogram. 4, intensive cultivation, ridicule to do. In order to prevent the underground pest from harming the seedlings, the poison bait should be applied once again after the organic fertilizer is spread. That is, 5 kg of wheat per acre fried yellow, and then dilute with 250 ml of phoxim and mix well, after 3 hours of tightly stuffy sting scattered on the ground, with the organic fertilizer into the soil, can kill a variety of underground pests. The ploughed land should be fully detailed, compacted, and leveled. Do a watering ditch on one side of the ground before you make a raft, and then do it again. The net width is 1-1.2 meters, the width is 20-23 centimeters, and the height is 8-10 centimeters. After the cockroach is well prepared, first apply 25 kg of three-element compound fertilizer (N, P, and K each containing 15%) to each acre in the cocoon, soak it thoroughly and then sow it. 5. Seed 3-4 kg per acre. Two sowing methods, you can choose one. 1. Seedlings: Spread the seedlings evenly on the surface of the flattened pods. After the sprinkle is finished, dice it carefully with a rake. Make the seed fully mixed with the soil and bury it shallowly in the soil. Then water it. 2, cover species. After the leveling, remove 1cm thick wet surface from the surface and remove the surface again. Water the water and stop watering until the water reaches 6-7 cm deep. After the seedlings are immersed in water, they are sown and sowed, covered with fine soil after sowing, and the thickness is about 1 cm. The seedlings covered with seedlings had deep roots, multiple roots, and many seedlings that were drought tolerant and seedlings robust. If you can use shade and anti-storm storms to raise seedlings, the effect is better. After spraying, weed herbicides can be applied during manual operations. 33-per-mu with Shi Tianbu (also known as weed-pass) 100-150 ml water 60-75 kg evenly sprayed the ground. Wet grounds are often maintained for a period of 30-45 days. 6, seedling period management. Qimiao to the 5-leaf stage, 1-2 times the seedlings. Seedlings 1-1.5 cm. Combine with seedlings to remove weeds that have not been killed by herbicides. Control watering, no drought, no watering, to reduce the occurrence of "incidence" and "yellowing". If the growth of seedlings is weaker, it can be top-dressed in combination with watering. Apply urea 7.5-10 kg per mu with water. Every 20 days, a total of 2 flushes are applied. If you encounter continuous rain during the growing season, care should be taken to prevent downy mildew and white disease to ensure strong seedlings. Third, timely planting. Summer sowing scallions in the middle of September, autumn sowing scallions planted in March-April. Row spacing 80 cm, spacing 1.5-2 cm, open ditch colonization (row onions). Before the colonization, the onion seedlings were rigorously graded and then treated with chemicals to eliminate the root larvae (seed fly larvae) to ensure the whole seedlings. Specifically, immerse the green onion roots in a 1.000-fold diluted 1.4% edante, or dilute 800-1000 times the phoxim solution, or dilute the 3000-fold beta-cypermethrin solution for 2-3 minutes. Planting the ditch must not be too deep or too shallow, too deep, and the dead soil layer is not conducive to root growth; After the planting ditch is opened, the newly-revoked virtual land should be slightly suppressed to prevent the landslide from overturning the onion seedlings. Appropriate amount of root pressure fertilizer should be applied after the row of onion shoots. It is better to use root-fertilizer with rotten manure. 5000 kg per mu and 25 kg of three-element compound fertilizer are mixed and applied. Combine the opening of the ditch and apply a fine wet soil over the root fertilizer. Thickness of the roots is not buried in the roots (growth points) for the degree of pressure, adding a little suppression is the end. note! The onion seedlings that have just been planted are forbidden to be watered to prevent the roots from causing a large number of dead seedlings. In case of a rainstorm, we must do everything possible to drain the water in the green onions, and then we can water the crops in case of drought. Fourth, field management. After the on-season welsh onions are planted, it is at a time when the temperature is most suitable for the growth of green onions. Once the seedlings have eased, they grow rapidly. Therefore, the management of fertilizer and water is an important part of high production and high quality. Any person who applies full-scale root-fertilizer as required will not suffer from lack of fertilizer before the middle growth stage. As long as the soil moisture is suitable, rapid and robust growth can be guaranteed. The soil moisture is maintained at about 70% of the saturated water capacity. When the drought is dry, the soil is ploughed and cultivated in order to protect the soil and increase the permeability of the soil, promote root development, and increase the ability to absorb water and fertilizer. The length of light blue is determined by the amount of earth. Generally off-season welsh onions need to be earth-grounded 3-4 times in order to ensure that light blue length reaches 70-80 cm. The thickness of each soil is based on the fact that it does not bury the growing point (green heart). Overwintering cultivation of onion scallions, a thick earth before the earth frozen, to minimize the amount of dry leaves, accumulate nutrients, to ensure early aftermath. With the acceleration of the growth rate and the large increase in leaf volume, the demand for soil nutrients by plants has risen sharply. In order to ensure high yields, fertilizer must be top-dressed in a timely manner. Top dressing can be done in conjunction with watering. Urea 15-20 kg of urea per acre. The ditch is spread, and after the application, the mantle is buried in order to prevent the fertilizer from concentrating with the water to the lower head when watering, so as to achieve the purpose of balanced fertilization. It is best to add a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which has a significant effect on improving the yield of Chinese green onions and improving the quality of Welsh onion. Fifth, timely harvest. Wintering off-season shallots can determine the harvest time depending on the market conditions. In order to ensure quality, it is best to market before the pen and when the Scallion pen (è–¹) is small. In September, the seedlings can be marketed during the better market period in August of the second year. 6. Pest Control 1. Insect pest: Thrips. Injury of onion leaves, sucking the leaves in the onion leaves, producing white spots. Control methods, use 20% good winter 1000 times solution, or 10% net 2000 times solution, or 2.5% dish hi 1000 times solution spray. Adhesives should be added during spraying to increase the amount of liquid applied to the onion leaves to effectively kill pests. 2. Disease (1) Downy mildew. The main damage leaves, when the air humidity is too easy to disease. Control methods, at the beginning of the disease, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 50% methicone wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 64% antivirus WP 500 times. Spray once every 7-10 days and spray 2-3 times. (2) White disease. Also known as white tip disease, it mainly damages the leaves. The seedling stage and the adult stage can be affected. In the prevention and control method, 77% of the initial stage of the disease can be used to kill WP 500 times, or 72% of CM wettable powder 800 times, or 69% of AZM wettable powder 1000 times. Spray once every 7 days, continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times.